įurthermore, C# has added several major features to accommodate functional-style programming, culminating in the LINQ extensions released with C# 3.0 and its supporting framework of lambda expressions, extension methods, and anonymous types. C# makes use of reification to provide "first-class" generic objects that can be used like any other class, with code generation performed at class-load time. One of the first major departures came with the addition of generics to both languages, with vastly different implementations.
Since the release of C# 2.0 in November 2005, the C# and Java languages have evolved on increasingly divergent trajectories, becoming two quite different languages. In July 2000, Hejlsberg said that C# is "not a Java clone" and is "much closer to C++" in its design. James Gosling, who created the Java programming language in 1994, and Bill Joy, a co-founder of Sun Microsystems, the originator of Java, called C# an "imitation" of Java Gosling further said that " sort of Java with reliability, productivity and security deleted." C++, Java, Delphi, and Smalltalk) drove the fundamentals of the Common Language Runtime (CLR), which, in turn, drove the design of the C# language itself. In interviews and technical papers he has stated that flaws in most major programming languages (e.g. Hejlsberg is C#'s principal designer and lead architect at Microsoft, and was previously involved with the design of Turbo Pascal, Embarcadero Delphi (formerly CodeGear Delphi, Inprise Delphi and Borland Delphi), and Visual J++. NET project was publicly announced at the July 2000 Professional Developers Conference, the language had been renamed C#, and the class libraries and ASP.NET runtime had been ported to C#. Microsoft had considered keeping the name "Cool" as the final name of the language, but chose not to do so for trademark reasons. In January 1999, Anders Hejlsberg formed a team to build a new language at the time called Cool, which stood for " C-like Object Oriented Language". NET Framework, the class libraries were originally written using a managed code compiler system called " Simple Managed C" (SMC). Although C# applications are intended to be economical with regard to memory and processing power requirements, the language was not intended to compete directly on performance and size with C or assembly language.C# is intended to be suitable for writing applications for both hosted and embedded systems, ranging from the very large that use sophisticated operating systems, down to the very small having dedicated functions.Support for internationalization : 314 is very important.Portability is very important for source code and programmers, especially those already familiar with C and C++.The language is intended for use in developing software components suitable for deployment in distributed environments.: 563 Software robustness, durability, and programmer productivity are important. The language, and implementations thereof, should provide support for software engineering principles such as strong type checking, array bounds checking, : 58–59 detection of attempts to use uninitialized variables, and automatic garbage collection.The language is intended to be a simple, modern, general-purpose, object-oriented programming language.The Ecma standard lists these design goals for C#: NET.Īs of November 2023, the most recent stable version of the language is C# 12.0, which was released in 2023 in. Mono also joined Microsoft but was not merged into. NET platform (software framework), all of which support C# and are free, open-source, and cross-platform. A decade later, Microsoft released Visual Studio Code (code editor), Roslyn (compiler), and the unified.
Four years later, in 2004, a free and open-source project called Mono began, providing a cross-platform compiler and runtime environment for the C# programming language. At the time, Microsoft had no open-source products. NET Framework and Visual Studio, both of which were closed-source. The C# programming language was designed by Anders Hejlsberg from Microsoft in 2000 and was later approved as an international standard by Ecma (ECMA-334) in 2002 and ISO/ IEC (ISO/IEC 2329 ) in 2003. C# encompasses static typing, : 4 strong typing, lexically scoped, imperative, declarative, functional, generic, : 22 object-oriented ( class-based), and component-oriented programming disciplines. NET, Mono, Universal Windows PlatformĬ++, Cω, Eiffel, F#, Haskell, Scala, Icon, J#, J++, Java, ML, Modula-3, Object Pascal, VBĬhapel, Clojure, Crystal, D, J#, Dart, F#, Hack, Java, Kotlin, Nemerle, Oxygene, Rust, Swift, Vala, TypeScriptĬ# ( / ˌ s iː ˈ ʃ ɑːr p/ see SHARP) is a general-purpose high-level programming language supporting multiple paradigms.